Direct social perception of emotions and cognitive influences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31977/grirfi.v24i3.4933Keywords:
Direct social perception; Emotion recognition; Cognitive penetrability.Abstract
In this article, I explore instances of emotion recognition where cognitive factors significantly influence the process. Traditional explanations often describe emotion recognition as a direct, non-inferential ability based on the detection of multimodal perceptual cues. However, empirical evidence suggests this view may be overly simplistic. Some cases of emotion recognition resist straightforward categorization within non-inferential frameworks, particularly when cognitive states such as biases, prejudices, and belief systems are involved. I propose that by integrating concepts like cognitive penetrability into non-inferentialist models, we can achieve a more accurate and nuanced understanding of these complex cases. This integration acknowledges the intricate interplay between perception and cognition, offering a deeper insight into how we recognize and interpret emotions
Downloads
References
AMODIO, David. The neuroscience of prejudice and stereotyping. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, v.15, n. 10, p. 670–682, 2014.
ANDREWS, Kristin. Do apes read minds? toward a new folk psychology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 2012.
ANDREWS, Kristin; SPAULDING, Shannon y WESTRA, Evan. Introduction to folk psychology: pluralistic approaches. Synthese v.199, n.1-2, p. 1685–1700, 2021.
ARSTILA, Valtteri. Perceptual learning explains two candidates for cognitive penetration. Erkenntnis, v. 8, n.6, p. 1151–1172. 2016.
BAR, Moshe. A cortical mechanism for triggering top-down facilitation in visual object recognition. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, v.15, n.4, p. 600–609. 2003.
BIJLSTRA, Gijsbert; HOLLAND, Rob; DOTSCH, Ron; HUGENBERG, Kurt; WIGBOLDUS, Daniel. Stereotype associations and emotion recognition. Personality & social psychology bulletin, v.40, n.5, p. 567–577. 2014.
BROWNSTEIN, Michael. Implicit Bias. In: ZALTA, Edward. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/implicit-bias/. 2019.
CARROLL, James; RUSSELL, James. Do facial expressions signal specific emotions? Judging Emotion from the Face in Context. Journal of personality and social psychology, v.70, n. 2, p. 205-218. 1996.
CARRUTHERS, Peter. The case for massively modular models of mind. In: STAINTON, Robert. Contemporary debates in cognitive science. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. 2006.P. 3–21.
CLEMENTS, Katherine; SCHUMACHER, James. Perceptual biases in social cognition as potential moderators of the relationship between alcohol and intimate partner violence: a review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, v.15, n.5, p. 357–368. 2010.
CONNOLLY, Kevin Perceptual learning: The flexibility of the senses. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2019
DOMÍNGUEZ, Juan; LEWIS, Douglas; TURNER, Robert; EGAN, Gary. The brain in culture and culture in the brain: a review of core issues in neuroanthropology. Progress in Brain Research, v.178, p. 43–64. 2009.
DUNHAM, Yarrow. An Angry = Outgroup Effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, v.47, n.3, p. 668–671. 2011.
EGER, Evelyn; HENSON, Richard; DRIVER, Jon; DOLAN, Raymond. Mechanisms of top-down facilitation in perception of visual objects studied by fMRI. Cerebral Cortex, v.17, n.9, p. 2123–2133. 2007.
EKMAN, Paul; CORDARO, Daniel. What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion Review, v.3, n.4, p. 364–370. 2011.
FODOR, Jerry. La Modularidad de la mente. Madrid: Moratta. 1986.
GALLAGHER, Shaun; VARGA, Somogy. Social constraints on the direct perception of emotions and intentions. Topoi v.33, n.1, p.185-199. 2014.
GALLAGHER, Shaun; ZAHAVI, Dan. The phenomenological mind. London: Routledge. 2008
GALLAGHER, Shaun. Enactivist interventions: rethinking the mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2017.
GUTSELL, Jeniffer; INZLICHT, Michael. Empathy constrained: prejudice predicts reduced mental simulation of actions during observation of outgroups. journal of experimental social psychology, v. 46, n.5, p. 841–845. 2010.
HALBERSTADT, Amy; CASTRO, Vanessa; CHU, Qiao; LOZADA, Fantasy; SIMS, Calvin. Preservice teachers’ racialized emotion recognition, anger bias, and hostility attributions. Contemporary educational psychology, v.54, p. 125–138. 2018
HANSEN, Thorsten; OLKKONEN, María; WALTER, Sebastián; GEGENFURTNER, Karl. Memory modulates color appearance. Nature neuroscience, v. 9, n.11, p. 1367–1368. 2006.
HARRIS, Lasana; FISKE, Susan. Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological science, v.17, n.10, p. 847-853. 2006.
HUGENBERG, Kurt; BODENHAUSEN, Galen. Facing prejudice: implicit prejudice and the perception of facial threat. Psychological science, v.14, n.6, p. 640–643. 2003.
KRUEGER, Joel. Direct social perception. In NEWEN, Albert; DE BRUIN, León; GALLAGHER, Shaun. the oxford handbook of 4E cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2018. P. 301–320.
KVERAGA, Kestutis, BAR, Moshe; BOSHYAN, Jasmine. In DICKINSON, Sven; TARR, Michael; LEONARDIS, Ales; SCHIELE, Bernt. Object categorization: computer and human vision perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009. P. 384-400.
LEE, Kang; ANZURES, Gizzelle; QUINN, Paul; PASCALIS, Olivier; SLATER, Alan. Development of face processing expertise. In CALDER, Andy; RHODES, Gillian; JOHNSON, Mark; HAXBY, James. The oxford handbook of face perception. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2011. P. 753-778.
MACPHERSON, Fiona. Cognitive penetration of color experience: rethinking the issue in light of an indirect mechanism. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, v. 84, n.1, p. 24-62. 2011
MARCHI, Francesco, y Albert NEWEN. Cognitive penetrability and emotion recognition in human facial expressions. Frontiers of Psychology, v. 6, p. 828.
McGEER, Victoria. The regulative dimension of folk psychology. In HUTTO, Daniel; RATCLIFFE, Matthew. Folk psychology re-assessed. New York: Springer. 2007. P. 137–156.
McNEILL, William. Embodiment and the perceptual hypothesis. The philosophical quarterly, v.62, n.248, p. 569–591. 2012.
MILLAR, Alan. What is it that cognitive abilities are abilities to do?. Acta analytica, v.24, n.4, p. 223-236. 2009
MILLAR, Alan. Knowing by perceiving. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2019
NELSON, Todd D. Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. London: Psychology Press. 2009.
NEWEN, Albert; VETTER, Petra. Why cognitive penetration of our perceptual experience is still the most plausible account. Consciousness and Cognition, v.47, p. 26-37. 2017.
NEWEN, Albert. Defending the liberal-content view of perceptual experience: direct social perception of emotions and person impressions. Synthese, v.194, n.3, p.1-22. 2017.
NEWEN, Albert; WELPINGHUS, Anna. The individuation and recognition of emotion. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the cognitive science society, v. 35, 1079-1084. 2013
NEWEN, Albert; WELPINGHUS, Anna; JUCKEL, Georg. Emotion recognition as pattern recognition: the relevance of perception. Mind & Language, v. 30, n.2, p. 187-208. 2015.
PAYNE, Keith. Prejudice and perception: the role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v,81, n.2, p.181–192.
PYLYSHYN, Zenon. Is vision continuous with cognition? the case for cognitive impenetrability of visual perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, v. 22, n.3, p. 341–423. 1999.
SIEGEL, Susanna; BYRNE, Alex. Rich or thin?. In: NANAY, Bence. Current controversies in philosophy of perception. London: Routledge, 2017. P. 59-80
SIEGEL, Susanna. The contents of visual experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2011.
SIEGEL, Susanna. The rationality of perception. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2017.
SIEGEL, Susanna. Which properties are represented in perception?. In: GENDLER, Tamar; HAWTHORNE, John. Perceptual experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. P. 481–503.
SMITH, Joel. Perception, Emotion and Value. In: DODD, Jonathan. Art, mind, and narrative: themes from the work of Peter Goldie. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2016. P.121-137.
SMORTCHKOVA, Joulia. Seeing emotions without mindreading them. Phenomenology and cognitive sciences, v.16, n.3, p, 525–543. 2016.
SPAULDING, Shannon. How we understand others: philosophy and social cognition. London: Routledge. 2018.
SPAULDING, Shannon. On direct social perception. Consciousness and Cognition, v. 36, p. 472–482. 2015
STOKES, Dustin. Perceiving and desiring: a new look at the cognitive penetrability of experience. Philosophical studies, v.158, n.3. p.479–492. 2012.
WIESER, Matthias; BROSCH, Tobias. Faces in Context: a review and systematization of contextual influences on affective face processing. Frontiers in psychology, v. 3, p. 471. 2012.
ZAHAVI, Dan. Empathy and direct social perception: a phenomenological proposal. Review of philosophy and psychology, v. 2, n.3, p. 541–558. 2011
ZINCK, Alexandra; NEWEN, Albert. Classifying emotion: a developmental account. Synthese, v.161, n.1, p. 1–25. 2006.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zoe Sanchez Barbieri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in Griot: Revista de Filosofia maintain the copyright and grant the magazine the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing sharing and adaptation, even for commercial purposes, with due recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal. Read more...
