"É para o seu próprio bem": a dimensão ética das ferramentas de detecção de risco de suicídio e da intervenção paternalista
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.31977/grirfi.v22i1.2774Mots-clés :
Suicídio; Autonomia; Intervenção paternalista; Inteligência artificial; Redes sociais.Résumé
O impedimento de indivíduos acometidos por enfermidade psíquica em risco de suicídio é bem justificado. Mas o impedimento do suicida racional é complicado pelo conflito entre defendermos a vida e defendermos a autonomia, como ilustrado pelas diversas abordagens filosóficas quanto à dimensão ética do suicídio. Argumentaremos que a intervenção paternalista sobre o indivíduo autônomo, desde que de natureza pontual e escopo limitado, é também justificada. Para tanto iremos nos valer da distinção entre autonomia superficial (shallow) e profunda (deep), bem como de fatores complicadores oriundos de literatura médica recente: a questão da ambivalência e o cry for help model. Dedicaremos especial atenção também às implicações éticas de novas estratégias de detecção de risco que utilizam inteligência artificial aplicada a bases de dados de redes sociais como o Facebook. Embora os dados preliminares sugiram ser ferramentas eficazes, a falta de transparência, regulamentação e consentimento coloca em risco liberdades e direitos civis.
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