Importance of Educational Actions in the Prevention of Ascaris lumbricoides

Abstract

Ascariasis, caused by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, is highly prevalent in Bahia, particularly in the Rio Jiquiriçá Basin, affecting schoolchildren in at-risk areas. This study analyzed the significance of educational initiatives in addressing the epidemiology of ascariasis in municipalities within Bahia’s Vale Jiquiriçá region. Data on infection rates were collected from municipal health departments between 2011 and 2017, covering Cravolândia, Itaquara, Jaguaquara, Jiquiriçá, Laje, Mutuípe, Santa Inês, and Ubaíra. Only Ubaíra provided data, showing the highest prevalence in 2014 with 459 cases and the lowest in 2017 with 59 cases reported by July. Additionally, seven science and biology textbooks from public schools were analyzed, revealing that only two adequately addressed ascariasis with self-explanatory and educational content, while the others offered superficial information. Although ascariasis is one of the most widespread parasitic diseases globally, it is not a compulsory notifiable condition, leading to a lack of awareness about the local endemic status. Textbooks often fail to provide comprehensive information on the risks and prevention of the disease. This underscores the urgent need for educational initiatives through collaboration among school administrators, municipal leaders, and health departments to foster knowledge and prevent infections.