A Poverty and Environment: Challenges of fishing communities for the conservation of Mangrove Biodiversity in times of Covid-19 in Namige, Mogincual -Mozambique

Abstract

There are three factors that challenge the conservation of biodiversity in times of crisis in the District of Mogincual, Province of Nampula - Mozambique, the first is the high rate of poverty in the communities and due to the lack of alternative populations essentially depend on natural resources for their survival. at all times, the second factor is associated with the growing rate of illiteracy due to the low level of education, which makes it difficult to assimilate the forms and tools of management and conservation of natural resources in times of crisis, and the third factor is associated with if the lack of good relationship between the agents of Law and Order with the local communities influencing the phobia (fear) of the relationship in times of dialogue and socialization of the crisis - pandemic for an integrated conservation of natural resources in Mogincual, the fear for this District is a historic construction since the 16-year war period between the Mozambique Liberation Front - FRELIMO and the National Resistance of Mozambique - RENAMO where this last movement had occupied the region throughout the war period. And in the post-war period in 1994 with the signing of a general peace agreement in Rome on October 4, 1992, when Law and Order agents returned to control the District to maintain public order and tranquility, they always considered that the native populations belonged to the group of armed bandits that until in 2010, during the visit of His Excellency Armando Emílio Guebuza to this District, the Association of Naturals and Friends of Mogincual – ANADENAMO, was confused with RENAMO. This mistake has become a social construction that, even at the time of this research, it is noted that the integrated management and conservation of coastal resources in Mogincual in times of crisis is challenging. Thus, as the District of Mogincual has been overcoming for years natural and social crises, highlighting climate change, cyclones, droughts, floods, malaria, cholera, including the new coronavirus pandemic, it was necessary to write an article on Poverty and the Environment: challenges for conservation of mangrove biodiversity in times of Crisis in Mogincual, with the following objectives: to analyze the challenges of conserving mangrove biodiversity in times of the Mogincual crisis, compare human activities in relation to natural resources before and during covid-19 and suggest the strategies for the conservation of mangrove biodiversity in an integrated way in times of covid-19. In order to carry out this article, it was necessary to carry out a field study, participating in the activities carried out by the populations - action research, mainly fish in the communities of Namige and Macupe, involving 80 individuals in the survey of which 40 represent in each community.